Hamamatsu (???, Hamamatsu-shi, lit. "Coast Pine Tree") is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
As of September 1, 2015, the city had an estimated population of 789,407, making it the prefecture's largest city and a population density of 507 persons per km2. The total area was 1,558.06 km2 (601.57 sq mi).
On July 1, 2005, Hamamatsu absorbed the cities of Tenry? and Hamakita, the town of Haruno (from Sh?chi District), the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi (all from Inasa District), the towns of Misakubo and Sakuma, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Y?t? (both from Hamana District) to become the current and expanded city of Hamamatsu. It became a city designated by government ordinance on April 1, 2007.
Video Hamamatsu
Geography
Hamamatsu is 260 kilometres (160 mi) southwest of Tokyo.
Hamamatsu consists of a flat plain and the Mikatahara Plateau in the south, and a mountainous area in the north. It is roughly bordered by Lake Hamana to the west, the Tenry? River to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the south.
Neighboring municipalities
Shizuoka Prefecture
- Iwata
- Kosai
- Shimada
- Mori
- Kawanehon
Aichi Prefecture
- Toyohashi
- Shinshiro
- T?ei
- Toyone
Nagano Prefecture
- Iida
- Tenry?
Wards
Hamamatsu is administratively divided into seven wards:
- Hamakita-ku (???)
- Higashi-ku (??)
- Kita-ku (??)
- Minami-ku (??)
- Naka-ku (??)--administrative center
- Nishi-ku (??)
- Tenry?-ku (???)
Maps Hamamatsu
History
The area now comprising Hamamatsu has been settled since prehistoric times, with numerous remains from the Jomon period and Kofun period having been discovered within the present city limits, including the Shijimizuka site shell mound and the Akamonue Kofun ancient tomb. In the Nara period, it became the capital of T?t?mi Province. During the Sengoku period, Hamamatsu Castle was the home of future Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. Hamamatsu flourished during the Edo period under a succession of daimy? rulers as a castle town, and as a post town on the T?kaid?. After the Meiji Restoration, Hamamatsu became a short-lived prefecture from 1871 to 1876, after which it was united with Shizuoka Prefecture. Hamamatsu Station opened on the T?kaid? Main Line in 1889. The same year, in a cadastal reform of Japan, Hamamatsu became a town.
- July 1, 1911: Hamamatsu is upgraded from a town to a city
- 1918: Rice Riots of 1918 affect Hamamatsu
- 1921: The village of Tenjinch? merges with Hamamatsu
- 1926: Imperial Japanese Army Hamamatsu Air Base opens
- 1933: Imperial Japanese Army Flight School opens
- 1936: The villages of Hikuma and Fujizuka merge with Hamamatsu
- December 7, 1944: Tonankai earthquake causes much damage
- June 1945: Hamamatsu largely destroyed by US air raids
- 1948: Hamamatsu Incident, ethnic rioting of Zainichi Korean residents.
- 1951: The villages of Aratsu, Goto, and Kawarin merge with Hamamatsu
- 1954: Eight villages in Hamana District merge with Hamamatsu
- 1955: The village of Miyakoda merges with Hamamatsu
- 1957: The village of Irino merges with Hamamatsu
- 1960: The village of Seto merges with Hamamatsu
- 1961: The village of Shinohara merges with Hamamatsu
- 1965: The village of Shonai merges with Hamamatsu
- May 1, 1990: Hamamatsu Arena opened
- January 1, 1991: The village of Kami in Hamana District merges with Hamamatsu.
- April 1, 1991: The first Hamamatsu International Piano Competition was held.
- May 1, 1994: Act City Hamamatsu opened.
- October 1, 1995: Hamamatsu Museum of Musical Instruments opened.
- April 1, 1996: Hamamatsu is designated a core city by the central government.
- June 1, 1996: Hamamatsu City Fruit Park opened.
- January 1, 1997: Started separated collection of garbage in residential areas.
- April 1, 1997: Hamamatsu is designated as an Omnibus Town.
- April 1, 1998: Act City Musical School opened.
- April 3, 2000: Shizuoka University of Art and Culture opened.
- July 1, 2001: The city's 90th anniversary is commemorated
- August 1, 2002: Launched the conference on Pan-Hamanako Designated City Simulation.
- April 1, 2003: Shizuoka New Kawafuji National High School Competition was held.
- June 1, 2003: Launched Tenry?gawa-Hamanako Region Merger Conference.
- April 8 - October 11, 2004: Pacific Flora 2004 (Shizuoka International Garden and Horticulture Exhibition) was held at Hamanako Garden Park.
- July 1, 2005: Hamamatsu absorbed the cities of Hamakita and Tenry?; the town of Haruno (from Sh?chi District), the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi (all from Inasa District), the towns of Misakubo and Sakuma, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Y?t? (both from Hamana District) were merged intoHamamatsu. Inasa District and Iwata District were both dissolved as a result of this merger. Therefore, there are no more villages left in Shizuoka Prefecture.
- April 1, 2007: Hamamatsu became a city designated by government ordinance by the central government.
Climate
The climate in southern Hamamatsu is mild with little snowfall in the winter; however, it is windy in winter because of the dry monsoon called Ensh? no Karakaze, which is unique to the region. The climate in northern Hamamatsu is much harsher because of foehn winds. In summers, the highest temperature often exceeds 35 degrees in the Tenryu-ku area, while it snows in winter.
Demographics
As of the 2008 Japanese census the total population was estimated to be 824,057. As of an unspecified year, 29,635 non-Japanese live in Hamamatsu.
As of 2008 the number of non-Japanese in Hamamatsu was 33,332, and by 2010 the number was about 30,000. The population of Nikkei foreigners increased after a 1990 change in Japanese immigration law allowed them to work in Japan. Many foreigners work in the manufacturing sector, taking temporary jobs in Honda, Suzuki, and Yamaha plants.
Since 1990 the number of non-Japanese children in Hamamatsu increased. Natsuko Fukue of The Japan Times wrote in 2010 that many foreign children have difficulty integrating to society in Hamamatsu because "Japanese and foreign communities live largely separate from one another."
Brazilians
As of an unspecified period the city has 15,899 Brazilians, making up 60% of the foreign population. As of 2008 Brazilians were the majority of the foreigners in the city. Hamamatsu has the largest Brazilian Nikkei population of any Japanese city, but as of 2007 it is the city of Oizumi, Gunma which has the highest concentration of them. Toshiko Sugino (?? ?? Sugino Toshiko) of the National Defense Academy of Japan wrote that people in Hamamatsu "are considered open-minded" to the ethnic diversity. The city has a lot of Portuguese signage. It includes a Brazilian school, and many businesses catering to Brazilians display Brazilian flags.
As of an unspecified year, there were 2,500 Brazilian residents under the age of 18, with 1,600 of them being under 15. As of that unspecified year, 500 Brazilian minors were not attending any educational institution.
The chairperson of the Hamamatsu NPO Network Center, Mitsue Inoue, stated in 2010 that "There are many Brazilian supermarkets and schools (in Hamamatsu), but Japanese living there don't know that they exist."
Economy
Hamamatsu has been famous as an industrial city, especially for musical instruments and motorcycles. It also has been known for fabric industry, but most of those companies and factories went out of business in the 1990s. As of 2010, Greater Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu Metropolitan Employment Area, has a GDP of US$54.3 billion.
Companies headquartered in Hamamatsu
- Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
- Kawai Musical Instruments Mfg.
- Roland Corporation
- Suzuki Motor Co.
- T?kai Gakki (also known as Tokai Guitars Company Ltd.)
- Yamaha Corporation
Companies founded in Hamamatsu
- Honda Motor Co.
Transportation
Railways
- Central Japan Railway Company: T?kaid? Shinkansen
- Hamamatsu
- Central Japan Railway Company: T?kaid? Main Line
- Tenry?gawa o Hamamatsu o Takatsuka o Maisaka o Bentenjima
- Central Japan Railway Company: Iida Line
- Izumma o Kamiichiba o Urakawa o Hayase o Shimokawai o Ch?bu-Tenry? o Sakuma o Aizuki o Shironishi o Mukaichiba o Misakubo o ?zore o Kowada
- Ensh? Railway: Ensh? Railway Line
- Shin-Hamamatsu o Dai-Ichi-d?ri o Ensh?-By?in o Hachiman o Sukenobu o Ensh?-Hikuma o Ensh?-Kamijima o Jid?sha-Gakk?-Mae o Saginomiya o Sekishi o Ensh?-Nishigasaki o Ensh?-Komatsu o Hamakita o Misono-Ch??-k?en o Ensh?-Kobayashi o Ensh?-Shibamoto o Ensh?-Gansuiji o Nishi-Kajima
- Tenry? Hamanako Railroad: Tenry? Hamanako Line
- Tenry?-Futamata o Futamata-Hommachi o Nishi-Kajima o Gansuiji o Miyaguchi o Fruit Park o Miyakoda o Hamamatsudaigakumae o Kanasashi o Kigak?k?mae o Kiga o Nishi-Kiga o Sunza o Hamanako-Sakume o Higashi-Tsuzuki o Tsuzuki o Mikkabi o Okuhamanako o Ona
Highways
- Expressways
- T?mei Expressway (Hamamatsu interchange, Hamamatsu Nishi interchange, and Mikkabi interchange)
- Shin-T?mei Expressway
- Sanen Nanshin Highway (under construction)
- Bypasses
- Hamamatsu Bypass
- Hamana Bypass
- National Highways
- National Route 1
- National Route 42
- National Route 150
- National Route 152
- National Route 257
- National Route 301
- National Route 362
- National Route 473
Airport
There are no civilian airports in Hamamatsu. Shizuoka Airport (34°47?46?N 138°11?22?E) is the closest, located 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Hamamatsu Station, between Makinohara and Shimada.
Ch?bu Centrair International Airport in Aichi Prefecture, located about 87 kilometres (54 mi) west of the city, is the second closest.
Media
Radio stations
- FM Haro! (JOZZ6AB FM, 76.1 MHz)
- K-MIX (JOKU FM, 78.4 MHz)
- NHK FM (JOPK FM, 82.1 MHz)
- (in Portuguese) Radio Phoenix (internet)
Education
Colleges and universities
- Hamamatsu Gakuin University
- Hamamatsu University
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- Seirei Christopher University
- Shizuoka University (Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Informatics)
- Shizuoka University of Art and Culture
Primary and secondary schools
Senior high schools operated by Shizuoka Prefecture:
- Shizuoka Prefectural Hamamatsu North High School (???????????)
- Shizuoka Prefectural Hamamatsu Nishi (West) Senior and Junior High Schools (???????????????)
- Shizuoka Prefectural Hamamatsu East High School (???????????)
- Shizuoka Prefectural Hamamatsu South High School (???????????)
- Shizuoka Prefectural Kiga High School (??????????)
- Shizuoka Prefectural Kohoku High School (????????????)
- Shizuoka Prefectural Mikkabi High School (???????????)
There is one senior high school operated by the city government: Hamamatsu Municipal Senior High School
Elementary and junior high schools are operated by the city government. As of 2008, the city had 117 public elementary schools and 52 public junior high schools.
The city has the following Brazilian international schools:
- Escola Brasil (former Escola Brasileira de Hamamatsu) - Primary and secondary school
- Escola Alegria de Saber - Primary and secondary school
- Escola Alcance - Primary school
It has one combined Peruvian school (?????) and Brazilian primary school, Mundo de Alegría.
The city formerly hosted other Brazilian schools, Colégio Pitágoras Brasil and Escola Cantinho Feliz.
The city includes a Brazilian curriculum, Portuguese-language private school, serving elementary school through senior high school. The school, which opened in 1996, is accredited in Brazil but not by Japanese authorities. As of an unspecified time period, the school had 100 students. The principal stated that he painted and remodeled the school facilities, a former dormitory used by a company.
Education of foreigners and Brazilians
As of May 1, 2009, the municipal elementary and junior high schools had 1,638 non-Japanese students. As of 2008, there were 932 Brazilians enrolled in Hamamatsu's municipal elementary and junior high schools: 646 Brazilians were enrolled in 61 public elementary schools, and 286 Brazilians were enrolled in 38 public junior high schools.
Within public schools Brazilian students have the same academic programs and take the same classes as Japanese nationals. Special teachers and assistants work with foreign students at municipal elementary and junior high schools with significant numbers of non-Japanese enrolled. In particular the schools use their part-time interpreters to assist Brazilian students. The interpreters are not formal teachers, yet Tsutsumi Angela Aparecida of Hamamatsu's Burajiru Fureai Kai wrote that "[t]heir assistance has become very useful". Toshiko Sugino of the National Defense Academy of Japan wrote that the municipal and prefectural schools in Hamamatsu "follow traditional views of education and enforce rigid school rules" despite the reputation of open-mindedness in the residents of Hamamatsu, causing some foreigners to send their non-Japanese children to foreign private schools.
As of 2008 many Brazilian parents have difficulty in deciding whether to send their children to Japanese schools or Brazilian schools, and it is common for Brazilian children attending Japanese schools to switch to a Brazilian school and vice versa. By 2010 many Brazilian parents had lost their jobs due to an economic decline, and many were unable to afford the Brazilian school annual tuitions of ¥30,000 to ¥40,000.
As of 2010 about 50% of Brazilians of high school age in Hamamatsu do not attend high school. The inability to afford high school and difficulty with Japanese resulted in lower high school attendance rates. Hamamatsu NPO Network Center has made efforts to increase school attendance.
In Hamamatsu volunteers and a non-profit organization have established Japanese-language classes and native language classes for foreign children.
Sports
Football
- Honda F.C. which plays Japan Football League (third division) games at their own Miyakoda Soccer Stadium. Honda competed in the Japan Soccer League's First Division from 1981 to 1991, but chose to relegate itself and not compete in the professional divisions due to parent company Honda's choice to retain team ownership. Many Hamamatsu football fans prefer to follow Júbilo Iwata, across the Tenryu River in Iwata. Júbilo maintains a club shop within Hamamatsu.
- Volare FC Hamamatsu, an autonomous club who competed in the Tokai Regional Football League Division 2 in 2011, flouted plans to either overtake Honda FC or merge with it, but it finished last in the Tokai League and was relegated. Hamamatsu University also keeps a team in the said division, but college teams cannot be promoted to the top three tiers.
Basketball
- SAN-EN NeoPhoenix plays in the B.League, Japan's first division of professional basketball. The team plays its home games at the Toyohashi City General Gymnasium.
The Hamamatsu Arena was one of the host arenas of the 2006 FIBA World Championship.
Hamamatsu 3x3 FIBA: Placed Second at FIBA World Tour FInal in ABU Dhabi in 2016. (Bikramjit Gill, Inderbir Gill, Chiro Kheda)
Women's volleyball
Hamamatsu was one of the host cities of the official 2010 Women's Volleyball World Championship.
International relations
Hamamatsu has ratified Music Culture Exchange Treaty with the following cities (however, of the following Rochester is the only official sister city):
- Rochester, New York, United States (since October 1, 1996)
Twin towns and sister cities
Hamamatsu is twinned with:
- Warsaw, Poland (since February 1, 1990)
- Camas, Washington, United States (since September 1981)
- Chehalis, Washington, United States (since October 1998)
- Porterville, California, United States (since October 1981)
- Rochester, New York, United States (since October 2006)
Local attractions
- Act City Tower Observatory: Hamamatsu's only skyscraper, situated next to JR Hamamatsu Station, is a symbol of the city. It was designed to resemble a harmonica, a reminder that Hamamatsu is sometimes known as the "City of Music". The building houses shopping and a food court, the Okura Hotel, and an observatory on the 45th floor overlooking all of central Hamamatsu, even down to the sand dunes at the shore.
- Chopin Monument This is a 1:1-scale replica of the famous Art Nouveau bronze statue of Chopin by the famed artist Wac?aw Szymanowski. The original is in Hamamatsu's sister city, Warsaw.
- Hamamatsu Castle: Hamamatsu Castle Park stretches from the modern city hall building to the north. The castle is located on a hill in the southeast corner of the park, near city hall. It was built by Tokugawa Ieyasu. His rule marks the beginning of the Edo Period. Tokugawa Ieyasu lived here from 1571 to 1588. There is a small museum inside, which houses some armor and other relics of the period, as well as a miniature model of how the city might have looked 400 years ago. North of the castle is a large park with a Japanese garden, a koi pond, a ceremonial teahouse, and some commons areas.
- Nakatajima Sand Dunes: one of the three largest sand dune areas in Japan
- Hamamatsu Flower Park
- Hamamatsu Fruit Park
- Hamamatsu Municipal Zoo
- Iinoya-g? shrine
- Hamamatsu T?sh?-g? shrine
Festivals
Akiha Fire Festival
- Haruno, Tenryu-ku: December
Ever since long ago, Mount Akiha was believed to have supernatural powers to prevent fires. Bow and arrow, sword, and fire dances are performed at the Akiha Shrine. At the Akiha Temple, a firewalking ceremony is performed where both believers and spectators celebrate the festival.
Enshu Dainenbutsu
- Saigagake Museum, Hamamatsu City: July 15
When a family commemorates the first Obon holidays after the death of a loved one, they may request that a dainenbutsu (Buddhist chanting ritual) be performed outside their house. This is one of the local performing arts of the region. The group always forms a procession in front of the house led by a person carrying a lantern and marches to the sound of flutes, Japanese drums and cymbals.
Hamamatsu Kite Festival
- Naka-ku, Minami-ku, others: May
Hamamatsu Kite Festival is also called Hamamatsu Festival. Hamamatsu Kite Festival held from May 3 to May 5 each year, includes a Tako Gassen, or kite fight, and luxuriously decorated palace-like floats. The festival originated about 430 years ago, when the lord of Hamamatsu Castle celebrated the birth of his first son by flying kites. In the Meiji Era, the celebration of the birth of a first son by flying Hatsu Dako, or the first kite, became popular, and this tradition has survived in the form of Hamamatsu Kite Festival. During the nights of Hamamatsu Kite Festival, people parade downtown carrying over 70 yatai, or palace-lake floats, that are beautifully decorated while playing Japanese traditional festival music. The festival reaches its peak when groups representing the city's various districts compete by energetically marching through the downtown streets.
Hamakita Hiryu Festival
- Hamakita-ku: June
This festival is held in honor of Ryujin, the god believed to be associated with the Tenry? River, and features a wide variety of events such as the Hamakita takoage (kite flying) event and the Hiryu himatsuri (flying dragon fire festival) which celebrates water, sound, and flame.
Hamamatsu International Piano Competition
- November
This festival celebrates Hamamatsu's history as a city of musical instruments and music, and brings dozens of the best young pianists from all over the world. It has been held triennially since 1991 at the Act City Concert Hall and Main Hall.
Hamakita Manyo Festival
- Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu: October
This event takes place in Manyo-no-Mori Park to commemorate the Manyo Period and introduce its culture. As part of the festival, people reenact the ancient past by wearing traditional clothes from the Heian period and presenting Japanese poetry readings.
Inasa Puppet Festival
- Inasa, Kita-ku: November
One of the few puppet festivals held in Japan, featuring 60 performances of about 30 plays by puppet masters from all over the country. The shows provide a full day of enjoyment for both children and adults.
Princess Road Festival
- Hosoe, Kita-ku: April
This reenactment of a procession made by the princess in her palanquin along with her entourage of over 100 people including maids, samurai, and servants makes for a splendid scene beneath the cherry blossoms along the Toda River. In the Edo period, princesses enjoyed traveling this road which came to be known as a hime kaid? (princess road).
Samba Festival
The Hamamatsu Samba Festival is held in the city.
Shoryu Weeping Ume Blossom Festival
- Inasa, Kita-ku: late February to late March
In Ryusui Garden there is a stream with seven small waterfalls and about 80 weeping ume trees pruned to give the appearance of dragons riding on clouds to the heavens. There are also 200 young trees planted along the mountainside.
Notable people
See also
- Nikkei Brazilians at a Brazilian School in Japan
References
External links
- Official website(in Japanese)
- Hamamatsu City official website (in English)
- In Hamamatsu
- Hamamatsu travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Hamamatsu Daisuki Net (I love Hamamatsu) (in English)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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